Now Italy's leading industrial and commercial centre. During the Renaissance Milan's reputation for art, culture and politics spread throughout Europe.
Hillside town 130km north of Rome, imoortalised by St Francis, patron saint of animals and founder of the Roman Catholic Church's largest monastic order - the Franciscans.
Ancient ruined city 24km south-east of Naples, Pompeii was destroyed when Vesivius erupted in AD79 preserving the city until the late 18th century when excavations first began.
Seaport and one of the world's greatest architectural and cultural treasures, Venice is built on a group of islands in the Lagoon of Venice near the northern end of the Adriatic sea.